This module (corresponding to one on Jerusalem's very different 'holy places') focuses on how religion in everyday life - in the form of churches, halls and memorials, denominational schools, religious rallies, protests, street preaching/prosleytism - serves to claim, demarcate and divide urban space throughout Belfast urban area. It studies the extent to which ‘religion’ has ‘retreated’ from the city centre as religious sites are desecrated, abandoned or given over to secular purposes, and it explores the boundaries where the ‘neutral’ city centre bleeds into religiously-demarcated communal space. The location, development and implications of new ‘religious’ space (churches, halls, schools, memorials, etc.) will be monitored and evaluated over the five years of the project. Study of the ‘divisive’ role of religion will be complemented by an examination of instances of co-operation across denominational boundaries: joint activities, sharing of facilities, regular ecumenical meetings and joint responses to threatened civil conflict (which links with Module B4, below). The research methods used will involve ethnography, observation, photography, mapping, and semi-structured key informant interviews.