This module will study the evolution of systems of physical control, surveillance and policing in a city where a large minority does not recognise the legitimacy of the sovereignty or presence of the dominant community. It will include the study of the range of overt and covert control techniques from the control features in planning and zoning, the creation of multiple borders through the differentiated provision of municipal services, social services and policing, the cooptation of neighbourhood elites, through to the introduction of military operations in a low-intensity conflict. Data will be drawn from visual evidence such as photographs and mapping, repeat observations, reports from human rights organisations and other monitoring NGOs, semi- structured interviews with senior police officials, politicians, activists and diplomats. Use will also be made of the researcher’s extensive involvement in Track II discussions over the future security arrangements for Jerusalem in any peace agreement. While focussed on Jerusalem, the study will draw upon the experience of Belfast and other cities in this project to identify specific patterns of control and the provision of human security in divided cities. The study will conclude with a critique of the various proposals for the future political settlement on Jerusalem including those suggested in Track II discussions.